Adding, subtracting, and multiplying machine



Aug. 1, 1939. I H. L. CLARY 2,157,327

ADDING, SUBTRACTING, AND MULTIPLYING IACHINE Filed Sept. 2'7, 1928 ll Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR. HUGH L. CLARK ATTORNEYS. I

Aug. 1, 1939. L, CLARY 2,167,827

ADDING, SUBTRACTING, AND MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed $ept. 27, 1928 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 I l I l I 1 l I INV EN TOR. Haqgll- 01:53::

W Hz? A TTOR NE Y5.

Aug. 1, 1939. 7

H. L. CLARY ADDING, SU BTBACTING, AND HULTIPLYING IACHI NE Filed Sept. 27, 1928' 11 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. .Hvq-H L- Owner.

ATTORNEYS.

Aug. 1, 1939. H. L. CLARY ADDING, SUBTRACTING', AND MULTIPLYING IACHINE Filed Sept. 27, 1928 ll Sheets-Sheet 8 IN I EN TOR HVGHL. 62x32 BY A TTORNE Y5. I

Aug. 1, 1939. H. L. CLARY ADDING, SUBTRACTING, AND HULTIPLYING IACHINE Filed Sept. 27, 1928 '11 Sheets-Sheet 9 mwuonvnwwe INVENTOR.

.HvczzL. 62.421. BY

M Fg ATTORNEYS.

Aug. 1, 1939. H. L. CLARY 2,157,327

v ADD ING, SUBTRACTING, AND IULTIPLYING IACHINE Filed Sept. 27, 1928 11 Sheets-Sheet 10 IN VENTORT max A than! A TTOR NE Y5.

Patented Aug.- 1, 1939 ADDING, SUBTRACTING, AND MULTII'LYING MACHINE Hugh L. Clary, San Mateo, Calif., assignor to a Clary Multiplier Corporation, CaliL, a corporation or California Los Angeles,

Application September 27, 1928, serial No. 308,797 43 Claims. (01. 235 -61) My invention relates to improvements in adding, subtracting, and multiplying machines, and it consists in the combinations, constructions and arrangements hereinafter described and claimed.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a machine on which an operator can ac- 'complish multiplication by setting up the two factors of a product consecutively on the same keyboard and using, it necessary, the same key or keys for each factor of the product. This reduces multiplication insofar as operation of the machine is concerned to the simplicity of addition as accomplished now on standard adding machines.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical machine in which there is an electrical connection between each key and number wheels. The depressing of a key or keys closes a circuit or circuits which causes an elec- U tically driven wheel-turning member to rotate the wheels to the appropriate sum, product or difference in accordance with the electrical connections set up by the depression of the key or keys. 35 In my device, it is not necessary to add in the multiplicand the appropriate number of times, not to manually shift places, nor todepress other than significant figures, nor'to depress the figures in any definite order, nor to allow two revolutions of the machine for multiplication as against one for addition, nor to perform the multiplication by each digit as a separate operation; but it is merely necessary to depress the significant figures of the multiplicand in the keyboard, and after the depression of a multiplication key, depress the significant figures of the multiplier one at a time in the same keyboard. The product will then have appeared on the numbered wheels. Other objects and advantages will appear as the specification proceeds, and the novel features will be particularly pointedout e appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompany- 4r5 ing drawings forming a part of this application,

in which Figure l is a top plan view of the device; Figure 2 is a section along the line 2-2 of Figure. r

50 Figure 3 is a section along the line H of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a section along the line 4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a-sction along the line 5-401 E8- ure 3;

drums Figure '6 is a section along the line 6-6 of Fig ure 1;

Figure 7 is a section along the line of Figure 1;

Figure 8 is a section along the line H of Fig-' if ure 7; Figure 9 is a section along theline H of Figure 3;

Figure 10 is a section along the line llil of Figure 9; 10

Figure 11 is a section along the line H-ll of Figure 1;

Figure 12 is a section along the line I2-i2 of Figure 11;

Figure 13 is a section along the line IIII of Figure 12;

Figure 14 is a section along the line ll-ll 01' Figure 12;

Figure 15 is a wiring diagram;

Figure 16 is a fragmentary view of a portion or the device;

i ure 1'! is a schematic sectional view or a drum used in the device;

Figure 18 is a longitudinal view or two-of the Figure 19 is a view of another portion of the device; and n Figures 20 to 26 inclusive are wiring diagrams of the drums.

In carrying out my invention, I provide a casing 30 I which is best shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure -1 shows the top plan view of the casing, and Figure 2 shows a section through its greatest height.

The casing is mounted upon pads 2 or other suitable supports. Figures 3 and 11, it taken together, show how the front part of the casing is designed to carry a number of banks of keys, while the back part carries the operating mechanism.

Referring to Figure 1, I show to the left of the banks of keys 3 a subtraction key I, a multiplica- 4 tion key 5,' and an adding key 6. To the right of the keys 3 I show a motor bar I, and beneath this I show a clearing key I which clears any depressed key 3. I also show clearing keys 9 for each row of keys 3.

Openings I! are provided in the casing i for permitting the numbers on the wheels II to be viewed. The openings II are large enough toexpose only one number at a time. A clearing key I! is used for bringing allot the numbered so wheels ll backtozero. T

I will first take up the simple addition, and then will follow this by setting forth the subtracting mechanism, and will then set forth the multiplication mechanism.

- one terminal of the battery 60. If no key 3 is'dedescribed later.

Adding mechanism When the machine is used for addition, certain portions of the machine which are used exclusively for multiplication do not come into play, and hence will not be described here. Without this multiplying mechanism, the machine would constitute a simple adding machine. A consideration of Figures 3 and 13 will show that when any key 3 is depressed, the current will flow from the conductor clips I3 (all of which are connected to the source of current 60 by wires 230 and 66, see Figure 15) through the depressed key shaft to. the corresponding socket I6 and then through the intervening wires, I8 and 22, through drums 21 and E49 to contacts 28 in a rack 30. The drums are used solely for multiplying, and, therefore, need not be described at the present time. Therack 30 is made of insulating material, and

the contacts 28 are disposed between the teeth.

There always one potentially alive contact on the rack 30 that is in electrical connection with pressed, the live contact-28 is the one connected with the zero key, i. e., key .number 9 (see Figure 1) If any key 3 is depressed, key 9 is raised and the live contact 26 is shifted to one corresponding to the number of the key depressed.

The live contact point for zero is the first one at the right of rack 30 in Figure 3. When a significant key is depressed, a contact 28 corresponding to this key becomes alive and the zero contact is disconnected by the raising of the numher 3 key. It will thus be seen that when the key numbered 1 is depressed, the live point is moved over one tooth to the left on rack 30. when key numbered 2 is depressed, it is moved over two teeth on rack 30. When key numbered 3 is depressed, the live point is moved over three teeth to the left, and so on. In other words, the number of teeth between zero contact point and the live contact point will equal the number of the key depressed.

The rack 30 is mounted upon a carrier 25, and the carrier in turn is supported by wheels 26 which ride upon a track 24.

0n carrier is also shown rack I50, also of insulating material, with contact points 29. These are utilized for entry of left-hand components of partial products in multiplication, as As there is no such carry-over in simple addition, the connections are for a zero carry-over; that is, in adding position every wire entering the drum I49 is wired to zero contact point 29, see wires I96 in drum I49 in Fig. 15. The wiring through the drums 21 and I49 for simple addition is shown by the dotted lines I95 and I96, see Figure 15.

Having explained how the current is led by the depression of a numbered key 3 to appro- Driate contact points 28 and 29 on racks 30 and I50, the further action of the machine may be explained. The depression of the motor bar 'I energizes solenoids 3-13 (Figure 5) causing the carrier 25 to move to the right. This movement (see Figure 3) causes the racks 30, there is .one for each bank of keys 3, to engage with pinions 3I and at the same time racks I50, there is one for each bank with the exception of the units bank of keys, to engage with pinions I6I.

Associated with each pinion 3I, is a ratchet bevel gear. 33 (see Fig. 2), which moves with pinion 3! through the rotation of the shaft 32 and meshes with the bevel gear 34 (see enlarged detail in Figures 9 and 10). Bevel gear 34 is double, havingteeth 35 on the top thereof.

' Each pinion I6I meshes with a crown gear I62 turning a shaft I63 in the direction shown by the arrow (see Fig. 3). Shaft 163 rides freely in a ratchet gear I64, imparting no motion thereto when turned in this direction. It is therefore evident that during the motion of carrier 25 from left to right in Figure 3 the rotation of pinion 3i imparts motion to bevel gear 34 through the action of its companion gear 33, and that the similar motion of pinion I 6| has no effect there- It should be stated that pinions 3i and gear 33, as shown in Figure 2, are mounted in a fixed position on the shaft 32, and that the whole shaft 32 rotates with the pinions. Ratchet gear 33 does not rotate with the shaft when the shaft reverses.

It is best now to describe in some detail the mechanism which is being turned by the rotation of the gear 33, and how this turns the number wheels.

The gear 34 (see Figures 9 and 10) is mounted upon a bushing 36, and the latter is secured in a collar 31 that in turn rests upon a partition 36 (see Figure 2). The gear 34 is connected to the bushing 36 by a key or other suitable means of attaching the gear solidly to the sleeve. The bushing 36 has an insulating sleeve 39 that electrically insulates the bushing from a central core 40. The core 40 has a bore H for receiving a shaft 42. The lower end of the shaft 42 is reduced at 43 (see Figure 9) and carries splines 44. The shaft is shown operatively connected to the core 40, but when it is raised by a means hereinafter described, the splines 44 disengage themselves from slots 45 and permit relative rotation between the core and the shaft. The splines reengage as the pinions 3I leave the racks and before there is any material overthrow. Four shafts 42 are provided as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 4 shows the top of each shaft 42. A toothed wheel 46 is feathered to the shaft and carries an integral toothed cone 41. A raising of the shaft 42 disconnects it from the gear 34 and at the same time moves the toothed cone 4! into a toothed conical recess 48 which prevents further rotation of the shaft because the recess 48 is formed in a brake shoe 4! that is rigidly secured to a partition 5|! by means of a pin 5I or other suitable fastening device; A spring 52 urges the cone member 41 from the brake shoe 4!]. A roller 53 (see Figure 4) rides in the teeth 46 and is yieldingly held against the teeth by springs 54, the latter being secured to the partitions 38 and (see Figure 2), the roller is for the purpose of preventing number wheel II from stopping at any other position than that in which a number is visible through the opening III, and also to hold pinions 3I and I6I with one tooth extending vertically down from the center just prior to engagement with the racks 30 and I50, as shown in Figure 13.

Theshaft 42 has a. square socket 55 which permits it to move longitudinally with respectto'a shaft 56 yet at the same time be operatively connected thereto. Again referring to Figure 2, it will be noted that there are four shafts 56, and each carries a bevel gear 51 which drives the number wheel of the counter mechanism. Applicants invention is not dependent upon any particular counter, register, or recording mech anism. The input into the counter or registering device is determined by the number of 6 row-- lutions which are imported to the gear 51. Any

ings Ill provided therefor.

counter or register device which can be controlled by thediiferential motion of driving gears can .be used in this machine. Such counter devices may be of either the simultaneous or subsequent carry type such, for example, as are illustrated in the patents to Chase, No. 1,329,262, Chase, No. 1,011,156, Gooch, No. 1,246,087, Horton, No. 1,016,501, or Hollerlth, No. 974,272. These counter mechanisms also contain means for clearing so as to bring the counter back to a zero reading.

Returning now to bevel gear 34 which is being rotated by bevel gear 33 turning with shaft 32 that is driven by rack 30 and pinion 3|, we find that pinion 3| is in contact with a brush 51 that is mounted on partition 38 (Figure 2). A wire 80 leads from the brush 61 to coil C which is a U-shaped electromagnetu When the rack 30 moves underneath pinion 3|, the pinion makes successive contacts with the contact points 28 disposed between the teeth of the rack.

As previously stated, zero contact point is a live one if no key 3 in a bank of keys 1-9 has been previously depressed. Pinion 3| will strike this contact point before engaging with any of the teeth in rack 29. When no key 3 is depressed, the source of current is in direct connection with zero point, and the pinion 3| upon striking this point will close the circuit, allowing the current to passfrom the live point through the pinion 3|, brush 61 and wire 68 to coil C. From here the current will flow through wire 69 (see Fig.

15), switch 65, wire 54, and back to the source. This will energize coil C, which will pull down the keeper Hi. This rocks a lever H (see Fig. 3) which raises the tooth wheel 46 and disengages shaft 42 from gear 34 shown in Figure 9, and brings it into engagement with brake shoe 49.

When keeper I is pulled-down, it forms a contact at contact point I91 through wire I38 which leads to the source of current. This forms a locked circuit and causes coil C to remain energized until the completion of the forward stroke of the carrier 25. When the moving rack 30 engages with the pinion, 3|, it will cause the pinion 3| to rotate, which will'rotate the gear .34. No motion, however, will be imparted to the shaft 42 or the numbered wheels II since the shaft 42 is disengaged from driving contact with gear 34. It is evident, therefore, that when no key in any bank of keys is depressed, the forward movement of the rack has no effect on the numbered wheels I I.

Now when a key is depressed, let us say the key numbered 7, zero ceases to be a live point through the action of the clearing bar 85,-and the current now flows from the source of current through the conductor clip I3, associated with the key, through the key shaft, through socket I3, and through the wire, sockets and drums (used 'only for multiplication, and which are described later), to the contact point 28 on rack 38, which is spaced seven teeth to the left of zero contact point. Now when the rack 29 in its for ward movement engages the pinion 3|, itwill cause the shafts 42 and 56 (see Fig. 2) to turn, and through bevel gears 51 and 58 will cause wheel II to turn. The gearing is such that as each tooth of the rack 30 passes beneath the pinion 3|, the numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., will appear consecutively to the operator through the open- When seven teeth shall have passed beneath, the number 7 will be opposite the opening.

As previously stated, the contact point immediately following the seventh tooth in the rack III is directly connected with the source of current, and it is therefore alive point. As soon as the number 7 has appeared, a contact will be made between the live point and the wheel 3|.

and the current will flow through pinion 3|, 5

brush 61, and wire 68, to coil C, and the action of the coil will disengage the shaft 42 from driving connection with the gear 34. This will engage the toothed wheel 46 with the brake shoe 49, and will stop the wheel II from further rotation beyond position 7, i. e., the position at which numher 7 is visible to the operator. Since in the other banks no key has been depressed, the other racks 30a, b and 0 will have no effect on the'numbered wheels, as previously explained.

-There is a clearing bar 85 for each bank of keys. These bars slide on a partition I5 (see Fig. 11), and have cams 86, one for each key. A cam 88 cooperates with key 9. A depressing of any key 3 will raise key 9 and vice versa.

The carrier ,25 upon reaching the extreme right-hand position (as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3) does two things:

(a) Causes contact rod I59, slidably secured to the carrier, to hit a spring stop 200 carried by the rear wall of easing I. This pushes the rod to the left, breaking the connections from the wires 2| to contact points I55 on carrier 25,

and making the connections from wires 2| to contact points I60. The contact points I55 are electrically connected with points 28 by drums 2i, and contact points I60 are electrically connected with points 29 by drums I49. For simple addition,--the two sets of contact points 28 and I55 can be considered directly connected together, 3 and all of contact points I60 as being connected to the zero point 29.

(b) Swings the knife switch 65 into the dottedline position (see Fig. 3) A projection I2 carried by the carrier 25 engages with the knife switch 55 at the proper time and throws it. The pro jection I2 is also shown in Figure 2. The throwing of the switch 65 connects the coils A--A with the source of current through the wires 13 and 64. This causes the carrier to move back toward its starting position. It also connects one wire of coils D to the source of current through the wires 20I, switch 65, and wire 64 (see Fig. 15).

From the switch 65 runs the wire 69 to the coil C. The wire 68 and the wire I98 are from the other terminal of coil C. When the switch 65 is thrown, the current no longer flows to coil C. This deenergizes coil 0 and allows spring 52 (see Fig. 4) to force shaft 42 into engagement with gear 34. It will be noted that this reengagement of, gears takes place at the moment the carrier reaches its extreme right position, between its forward and backward movement, and when the carrier is practically stationary. It also takes place at a time when the pinions are not in mesh with the racks. v

. The throwing of the switch also cuts off the current through the coils B-B.

It will not be seen that at the beginning of the backward stroke of the carrier 25, the rack I50 is in the same position with respect to the pinion IBI as characterized the position of the rack 30 and the pinion 3| at the beginning of the forward stroke. Coils A-A are pulling the carrier 25 back in the same manner as the coils .B-B pulled it forward, and coils D are ready to life rods 42 when properly energized in the same manner as coils C lifted them on the forward stroke. The use of solenoids to provide full strokes in both directions is shown in'Hoyt No. v7

1,005,774 and the structure therein shown may be used as an actuating mechanism. Also, a motor and a one revolution clutch of any standard type would be equally satisfactory as a means of causing the reciprocating motion of the racks and could be used.

It will be remembered that on the forward stroke shaft I 63 idled in ratchet gear I50 through the operation of the ratchet (not shown) in the gear I64. On the backward stroke, the ratchet gear IE4 is operatively connected to the shaft I63, engages with the teeth, and the gear I64 therefore drives the gear 34 through the action on the teeth 35. It will be noted that the gear I54 is driving the gear 34 in the same direction on the back stroke as it was driven by the gear 33 on the forward stroke, that is, in the positive direction. During the back stroke, the pinion 3| rotates in the reverse direction through the return action of rack 30 meshing with it. This imparts a similar motion to the shaft 32. When the shaft 32 rotates in the reverse direction, it moves freely in the ratchet gear 33 through the action of ratchet (not shown), and imparts no motion thereto.

It will be seen from the foregoing decription that the machine provides two complete adding machines both actuating the same numbered wheels in the same way. One operates on the forward stroke and uses the back stroke merely to return to its normal position. The other operates on the back stroke, and uses the forward stroke merely to return to its normal position.

This second adding machine that operates on the return stroke is used solely for adding in the multiplying carry-over in multiplication. By multiplying carry-over, I mean the figure 8 in the product .9 9=81, for example. In simple addition the multiplying carry-over is always zero, and this portion of the machine could be entirely dispensed with were the machine built for ad tion only.

As has been said before, when the machine is set for addition, asshown in Figure 3, all of the wires 2| make connections through the drums I49, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 15,

K direct to the zero contact point 29 at the extreme left of the rack I50. In other words, all of the sockets in the appropriate bank are wired to this point so that this point is always a live one on the return stroke when using the machine for simple addition.

Therefore, on the return stroke, the pinions ISI (see Fig. 3), strike the live zero contact points 29 on the rack I50, making a connection through the pinions to-the brushes I65 and wires 202 direct to the coils D which, now becoming energized, pull down keepers I66. This rocks levers I61, raises the rods 42, and prevents them from imparting motion to the number wheels I I in the manner alre'adydescribed for zero contact points on the racks 30. When the keeper I56 is pulled down, it forms a contact at contact point 203 through the wire 60 to the source of current (see Fig. 15). This contact causes the coil D to remain energized throughout the completion of carried by the rails 20. This pushes the rod to I the right, breaking the connections from the wires 2| to contact points I60, and making the connections from wires 2| to contact points I55. This is, the contact rod I99 is brought back to the original position shown on Figure 3. There are three contact rods for the four bank machine illustrated, one each for the tens, hundreds and thousands rows.

(b) Projection 205 on carrier 25 hits the kniije switch 65 and swings it back into its original position shown in Figure 3.

(c) The keyboard is cleared. That is, all of the depressed keys are raised and the zero keys are returned to their normal depressed position. The motor bar is raised from its socket so as to open the switch SI and break the current through the machine. This is brought about as follows:

In Figure 14 I have shown the carrier 25 as contacting with a snubber 98.. This snubber is mounted upon a rod 99 that engages with a bar 92. The rod 99 passes through a cylinder I and carries a piston |0| that slides in this cylinder. The piston and cylinder are so constructed as to retard the return movement of the carrier 25 as it reaches the end of its stroke and to bring it to a quiet stop. At the same time the rod 99 is moved by the carrier and actuates a transverse bar 95 through the medium of levers 9| mounted on a shaft 91. The bar 95 actuates the bars 85 which move all of the keys into upright position, with the exception of keys 9. These are moved down by springs 90.

It will also be noted from Figure 14 that a special clearing bar I02 is used for raising the motor bar key I. This construction causes the key "I to be raised with the keys 3.

It should further be noted that the plus key or addition key 6 is depressed before any addition is started. This key engageswith a plate I03 carried by a disc I04 (see Fig. 13) eccentrically mounted upon a shaft I05. The movement of the key 5 downwardly swings the disc I04 and its associate disc. This raises the partition I5 into .a position which limits the downward movement of the keys 3.

Thus far I have described how the number 7 can be .brought to view in the machine during simple adding. Suppose now the number 9 is added. The key Y (shown in'Figure 15) will be depressed and then the motor bar I will be depressed. The terminal 2' in the right-hand rack 30 (shown in Fig. 5), will constitute a live point, and the carrier 25 moving toward the top of the sheet in Figure 5 will cause the pinion 3| to move the right-hand wheel II in Figure 2 through 9 numbers which will bring the number 6 into view. A number 1 will have to be carried merely to make a more complete disclosure of the entire invention, as any standard construction can be used just as efliciently.

Each wheel II is mounted on a sleeve I6. Figure 19 shows the wheels as having a double ratchet 208 in which pawls 206 and 201 ride. The pawls are carried by rings 209 and 2|0 respectively feathered on the sleeve 16. The wheels II when in adding position have the pawls 206 and 201 yieldingly engaged with the ratchets 208. Springs 2 bear against the rings 209 and 2|0, and collars 2|2 for holding the pawls in engagement as shown in Fig. 19 springs 2| I bear 15 mounted on bar III (Fig. 2). The spring therefore serves to press both pawls I and 201.

against the teeth 2". Sleeve It bears against a collar which is fastened to shaft 5! so as to hold the assembly in place. The sleeve I8 is journaled 10 on the shaft 59 and is driven by gear 51 through bevel gear ll. Wheel is operatively connected to the sleeve by the double ratchet mechanism previously described.

Each wheel II has teeth I! covering a portion of the inner surface of the rim, these teeth being disposed between the numbers 9 and 0. A pinion ll meshes with the teeth and turns a finger 83 through one complete revolution. The finger contacts with a pin I, carried by the adjacent go wheel Ii and moves it through one-tenth of a circle. The pawl 201 prevents the first wheel II from turning backwards, and the pawl on the next wheel permits it to beadvanced one tooth of the ratchet 2.

The pinion l0 and'flnger 83 are mounted on a shaft I carried by a bearing 82. There are ten pins .4 on each wheel II, and an extra long pin I4 used in connection with clearing the wheels II as will hereinafter be set forth. When the wheel II is advanced with respect to the sleeve 16 through the action of the finger 83 on a pin 84 for the purpose of imparting a carry in addition the pawl 201 is pushed aside by the action of the teeth I". This moves the ring 2Ill to the,

left and contracts the spring 2i I. This relieves the spring pressure on ring 209 and its associated pawl '20, and since there is no force pushing pawls 2" into teeth I", it is idly cammed aside. Furthermore, the friction between the pawls 206 40 and 201 when combined with the camming action of the teeth tend to make the whole ring and pawl assembly move as a unit over the teeth 20.. It should be understood that the pawls 205 and 201 are tapered so as to. be thicker at their tips, thus allowing them to engage teeth 208 and also clear the spreader arm 2". It is immaterial whether the adjacent wheel is stationary or movable as the relatively greater speed of the finger II will advance the wheel II with respect to the so shaft is even though the shaft itself be moving.

The relative positioning of the pins 8| and the finger ll is such that as both move their arcs coincide and contact is maintained long enough for the carry to be imparted. Where it is desired that the mechanism carry for both addition and subtraction the finger .3 should normally extend radially inward and a pin at, when the counter was at rest, should, extend radially outward from"v it. For a carry when the next higher order wheel was at rest the motion would be imported to a pin ll during the last half of a revolution of the finger ll. The finger II is long enough and its arc is such that the contact between as and u is not released until nearly a full carry has been imparted-the balance of the carry being due to the centering action of the spring 2H and the pawls I" and I". Should the wheel ll be moving then the finger 83 will meet the adjacent pin ll as that pin moves forward to intersect the are in which the finger. travels. It is obvious that if the finger 03 can impart a carry to a stationary pin N during the last half of its stroke,

it can do so to any carry pin 84 which is picks .up sooner than this. Since finger 83 is extend- 76 mg radially inward when at rest and is equidissuch as is described herein.

tant from the pin ll on either side of it, and since there is a pm I directly above it, the finger 83 will operate as eil'ectively when turned in a negative direction as in a positive one.

I have described how the keyboard is automatically cleared at the end of each operation. If the operator wishes to clear the number wheel I I, he depresses the wheel clearing key I2 and then presses the motor bar I. Figure 3 shows how a pressing of key I2 swings a catch II! into the path of the pin 04' carried by the wheel II which, as already stated, is longer than the other. pins '4 (see Figure 7) Figure 15 shows how the pressing of thekey I2' opens a switch II which breaks all key circuits to their rmpective contacts 2. in the racks I. and contacts 2! in racks in, whereby the normally closed zero key contacts will not serve to interrupt the driving action to the wheels II from the racks II and I". The depressing of the motor bar causes the carrier 25 tooscillate and to tend to move all of the number wheels I I through a complete revolution. The catches III (see Fig. 1) are so positioned as to only engage with the pins '4'. Each wheel II will be rotated until its pin M comes into contactwith a catch Iii associated therewith, whereupon the wheel II will be prevented from further rotation although the sleeve hub It will continue to rotate throughout the remainder of the stroke. In this way all of the wheels I I are brought to zero reading.

The releasing of the key I2 permits a spring I". to return the catches II! back into normal position and to. close the switch II. It will be noted that the clearing key I! through arms IIS and cams 2 (see Fig. 3) raises bar III (see' Fig. 2) just sufflcient to make the enlarged portions!" of arms II I spread the rings Ill and ill apart. This makes the ends of the pawls 208 and 201 coincide, In this position the pawls will act as one and will ride over the teeth "I in either direction. The bar Iii slides in guides III and is returned to normal position by springs 2|.

If an error has been made and it is dwired to press some other key in the particular bank, the proper error key I may be depressed and will move its clearing bar N to the right for raising the depressed key 3 and for permitting another key to be depressed. The key 9 is urged downwardly by a spring 90. It will be seen, therefore, that the key 9 not. only acts as a circuit closer but also as a means for actuating the clearing bar '5.

A master clearing key (shown at [in Figure 1) is also used, and this may be depressed if it is desired, 0 simultaneously raise all of the keys 3 that ha been depressed. The construction which accomplishes this is shown in Figure 14. l

Subtraction mechanism Subtractionmay be accomplished in this ma chine by providing means for reversing the mechanism operated by the rotation of the pinion ii.

.A reversible counter is required, such as shown in Gooch, No. 1,216,087, previously to, or

In subtraction the device operates in exactly The bar I! engages with the the same way as for addition except that the wheels ii are rotated in the reverse direction. The subtraction key 4 is depressed, and Figures 2 and 5 show how this key swings a lever I06 so as to force a collar I07 against a spring I08. Figure 2 shows how the collar Ifl'l is fixed to the shaft 32. A movement of the collar to the left in Figure 2 will therefore bring bevel gears I09 ratchet mounted on pinion 3|, into engagement with the bevel gears 34 and will move bevel gears 33 out of mesh. The racks are wide enough to always lie in the path of the pinions 3!, whether the gears Hi9 are in mesh with the gears 34 or the gears 33, gears I09 are journal-ed on shaft 32 and are operatively connected to pinion 3! by a ratchet mechanism which allows it to drive on the forward stroke and idle on the return stroke.

Figure 13 shows the subtraction key tas having a projection 2I9' that .rides under a catch 220 when the key is depressed. To release the key, it is moved in a slot 22! in the casing I, against a spring 222'. The spring I08 causes the lever I06 to return the key to normal position.

It should be noted that the pinion 3i riding on the rack 38 and the pinion Ifil riding on the,

rack i513 are moving in unison, and both are driving the gear 34 in a positive direction. On the return stroke, this imparts no motion to the numbered wheels l 3, because of the ratcheting action of the gear 509 on the pinion 3|.

' Assume the number 74 has been added in the machine and that the number 3 is to be subtracted. As already stated, the subtraction key 4 is depressed, and then this can be followed by pressing the key numbered 3 in the units row. The subsequent depressing of the motor bar key I causes the carrier 25 to oscillate and the units number wheel ii to be rotated in a reverse direction'through'three points before the circuit is closed, which frees the shaft 42 from the gear 36 and stops further rotation, as previously described. The result is a showing oi the number 71 in the openings Iii.

In case a higher number than 3 is subtracted from 74, such as the number 9, the units wheel i i would be rotated in a reverse direction through nine points, and there would be a carry-over into the tens wheel which would cause this one to rotate in a reverse direction through one point.

' The difference would thus be 65.

when the minus key 8 is depressed, it moves the collar it? (see Fig. 2) to the left and also a collar 225; A ring 222 rides in the collar Hi, and a lever 223, iulcrumed at 224, has its lower end pivoted to the ring 222 at 225. In like manner, a lever 22$ has its lower end pivoted to the lever I06 at 22?. The tops of the levers 223 and 126 have cam edges which lift the bar 215 a dis- Multiplying mechanism The adding mechanism previously described becomes ,aclapted to direct multiplication by the incorporation of the following features which have not been mentioned heretofore.

i. A sliding contact plate for placing over or shifting the places of the multlplicand to correspond with the place of each digit of the multiplier;

2. Rotatable drums which shift the live contact points 28 and 29 on racks 30 and I50 from contact points representing merely the number of the key, to contacts representing the product of thenumber of the key and the given multiplier;

3. Devices for shifting the contact plate and rotating the drums to the position required by any given figure of a multiplier.

Reference to the various figures will make clear the operation and purpose of these portions of the mechanism. On Figure 13 is shown a plate [9 bearing ten contact points l8 which are connected to sockets I6 by wires l8. These contact points allow the current to'pass to the ten contact points on plate 21 which lie immediately beneath. These contact points connect in turn to wires 22 which lead through the conduit 23 to the drums, which are described later, to the contact points on the rack 30 and i541.

Fig. 12 shows how plate IS carries four rows of ten contact points I8 (one for each socket I8), and how this can be made to slide to the left over plate 2! by the action of a gear'lBI (see Fig. 13) on rack I82, is described later. Now I have al ready described that when a key is depressed in any given bank of keys, for example the units bank, it forms live contact points on racks 3B and Hit in the same bank, and how, as a result, the key numbered '7, for instance, when pressed in the units column will cause a 7 to appear on the units wheel of the numbered wheels II'.

Reference to Fig. 6 will show that when plate IQ is slid to the left one space, the wire from socket l6 in the units place is making the same contact with the contact points 20 on plate 2! that was previously made by socket IS in the tens place. Therefore, after the plate has been slid to the left one place, the key numbered 7, for example, when depressed in the units place, would make a connection to the racks 30 and 1513 in the tens place, and through the action of the machine, as previously described, would cause seven to appear in the tens place on the numbered wheels. Thus, what has been punched on the keyboard as 7, appears on the numbered wheels as '20, that is, it has been set over one place and multiplied by 19. Had the plate I9 been slid over two places, '7 on the keyboard would appear as 700 on the numbered wheel II; and, had it been slid over three places, it would have appeared as 7000 on the numbered wheels. On the plate I9 is a bar 228 adapted to make contact with the zero contacts 29 on the plate 2!. The bar is connected to the source of current the same as conductor clips l3. When the plate is slid over. one space, this bar makes contact with the zero contact 20 on the plate 2! in the units place, causing zero to remain in view on units wheel I I. When slid over two places, it makes zero contacts in the units and tens places, and so on. It should be understood that the machine disclosed is designed for the multiplication of a two digit multiplicand by a two digit multiplier, or a three digit -multiplicand by a one digit multiplier. However, it will be obvious that the capacity of the machine can be easily increased merely by adding additional banks.

Referring now to drums 21 and drums I49 shown in Fig. 3, it will be seen that they are made of insulating material. 011 the lower half of the drums are nine rows of ten contact points I53 (see Fig. 1'7) adapted to make nine diiferent contacts with the ten contacts III and III (see Fig. 3). On theupper half, the drums have nine rows of ten contact points III, each row being adapted to make contacts with the contacts 20 and 20. Between each set of contact points I I3 onthelowerhalfotthedrumsarewirestothe set of contact points III on the opposite side of the drums, so that there are nine diiferent sets of connectionsbetween the contacts III and III andthecontacts "and" (notethewiresin mg. 17).

Each of the nine sets of connections corresponds to a diiferent multiplier from 1 to 9 inclusive. The connections across the drum for simple addition are shown by the dotted lines on Fig. 15. These are also the connections for multiplication by 1. The connections for multIplica-.

tion by 2 are shown on Fig. 18. Now the current flowing from the contacts III and III always represents mmuitiplicand key. The position into which the drums 21 and I have been rotated always'represents a'multiplier key, and the live contacts lilontheothersideofthedrumsto brushes 2. and 2! always represents the product of the two keys.

Thus in multiplication by 2, the connection from a multiplicand key numbered 1 would be through contact III numbered 1 (Fig. 18) and 'the wire N to contact IIInumbered 2 and to contact 20 numbered 2 in rack II, since the product of 2x1 is 2. The connection on drum, I" is from contact III numbered 1 through wire P to contact III numbered 0, which connects with contact 29 numbered on the rack III, since the product of these numbers consists of one digit and there is no carry-over to the tens place.

It will be noted that the product 6x2 has wiring identical with the above, insofar as its terminal or rack 30 is concerned, the current flowing through wire 8, but that the current is led to contact point I54 numbered 1 by wire 18.. This contact connects with contact 29 numbered 1 on the rack III, representing a carry-over of l to give the product 12. As has been stated, connection through the drumsfor multiplication by 1 (simple addition) is shownon Fig. 15, and for multiplication by 2 on Fig, 18. Wiring for multiplication by digits 3-9 inclusive is shown by the tables in Figs. 20 to 26 inclusive.

On Fig. 5, I show the disposition of the drums in relation to each bank of keys 09 and in relation to the racks. Wires from the unit keys lead to the side wallsof the casing I, and hold the partition II in parallel relation, although permitting it to be raised-and lowered by the discs I04. Figure 6 shows the slots 81 in the keys 3 as being long enough to permit the partition II to be lowered. The partition I5 is lowered sufliciently so that the levers III do not actuate the transverse bar SI. vThe actuation of the transverse bar 95' as previously described is for addition only.

The sockets I6 (see Figures 6 and 16) are slidable in slots I2I in a partition I'I. As already stated, there is one .socket It for each key 3, and the sockets are normally d sposed in alignment with the keys. In multiplying, a multiplicand is first set in the machine, as, for example, 45, by depressing the keys numbered 4 and 5 in the tens and units rows. The shanks of these keys will enter their respective sockets II. If, now, the multiplication key I is depressed, it will move a cam-shaped member I22 through a slot in the partition II, which will cause a movement of the partition to the left in Figure 13. The'partition slidably mounted in guides I23 for this purpose.

to drums 21 and I, as stated, and it will be noted that drum 21 makes contacts with rack 30, which is in the units place, and actuates a units number wheel, and that drum It! makes contacts with the rack III, which is in the tens place, and actuates the tens number wheel. Connection from the keysinthetensbankaretodrumsfl'and I49 .nd 30 on;

From the above, it will be seen how shifting over the contacts of the sliding plate I! enables one .to multiply by 10, 100, 1000, etc., and how shifting the drums enables me to multiply by any digit from 1 to 9. It is now necessary to explain how these two members are shiftedsimultaneously, and to illustrate how this accomplishes direct multiplication.

Figure 13 shows a multiplication key I as resting upon'a plate I II carried by the left-hand disc Ill. The key I swings the disc I about its shaft III and permits the partition II to lower. It'will be noted from Figure 13 that, the front and back of the partition II are secured to slides III that trayel in guides I20. The guides are secured All of the sockets will move with the partition except those that have received the key shanks of numbered keys 4 and 5. These sockets will be held against movement. I

In Figure 16 I show how any of the sockets I6 can be held against movement 'by receiving key shanks, while permitting the others to move with the partition.- Each socket has trunnions I24 that are slidably mounted in grooves I25 in the side walls of the slots I2I'. Pins Or other suitable stops I 26 prevent the movement of the sockets I6 to the left with respect to the partition II, but permit theirmovement to the right. Springs I21 are compressed when a socket .is held against movevment while the partition is moved to the left and return the socket to its original position should the key be removed before the partition I1 is again moved back into place. 'The springs I21 to the left of the zero sockets bear on some suitable stop independent of the plate I1 and serve to return the plate I! to its original or normal position when the multiplication key 5 is raised.

It will be seen, therefore, that a depressing of the key 5 will permit the sockets connected to keys numbered 4 and 5 to remain fixed, while the other sockets move with the partition as a unit. The purpose for moving the sockets not receiving keys, out of alignment with the keys, is to permit the keys now acting as multipliers to pass be-' tween the sockets without closing any electrical connection through the sockets. As soon as the multiplication key has ben depressed, all of the keys 3, including the keys numbered 4 and 5, constitute multipliers. The keys used in setting up the multiplicand remain depressed throughout the entire operation even though they are no used as multipliers.

Assume that the number 45, already depressed on the keyboard, is to be multiplied by the number 36. The multiplication key is depressed. The key numbered 6 in the-units row can be pressed downwardly and will ride clear of the socket I6 associated therewith because the socket has been previously moved. The key will continue on down in its movement and will strike a finger I28 carried by a shaft I29 (see Fig. 6) and a finger I30 carried by a rack III. The key 3 is provided with a projection I31 for contacting with the finger III and with a shoulder I33 for contacting with the flnger I28. The projection and shoulder are so arranged as to simultaneously contact with both lingers III and Ill.

" of gear His.

It should be noted at this point that there are four shafts similar to the shaft I29, these being numbered I34, I35 and I36. The shaft I29 ,is .placed beneath the row of units keys 3, while the shafts I34-I35 inclusive are placed beneath the rows of tens, hundreds, and thousands keys. The shafts extend from the front to the back of the casing I and are supported by front bearings I31 and by rear bearings I38 (see Fig. 12)

Now when any key 3 in the units row is depressed as a multiplier, it will push the finger I28 1 (Fig. 6) into the position shown. With the finger I28 in this position, the plates I9 and 2I are in the position shown in Fig. 6. When any key 3 in the tens column is pressed, it will push down a finger I68. on the shaft I34 associated with the key,

which will move the plate I9 over one place with respect to plate 2I. This is accomplished through gear IIIa (Fig. 12), gear I18, shaft I12, gear I11,

gear I'II, shaft I29, gears I18, I19 (Fig. 13) shaft I88, pinionIBI, and rack I82. The finger I68 is' now completely depressed, and fingers I69 and I18 on shafts I35 and I36 have moved down through one-third of the ninety degree are through which they are designed to travel. The fingers I28 have moved up one-third of a ninety degree arc.

When a hundreds key is depressed, it slides plate I9 over one additional space, moves fingers I36 down with it and fingers I68 and I28 up. When'a. thousands key is depressed, the plate I9 is moved over there spaces, and fingers I36 are at the bottom of their arcs. The finger 528 is then at the top of its arc, and the position of the four sets oi fingers is just the reverse of that shown in Fig. 6.

This action (see Fig. 12) is brought about through the train of mutilated gears I14, I14, I15, I15, I16, H6, 211' and i'l'i', which are mounted on the shaft I12. Each gear of a pair of gears, as for example gears lid and I14, is a half gear with teeth on opposing sides so as to be continually in mesh with one side or the other The reversing motion is accomplished by the fact that one gear of the pair of gears I14 and I14, or mutilated gears, meshes first with one side of gear lit and then the other gear meshes with the other side. The relative size of gears I18 and i?! (ratio /2 to 1) determines the ninety degree are through which fingers I28, I68, I68 and H8 are designed to move. The positioning of each pair of gears fi l-41d, I15I15', FIG-I18, and flit-411 with respect to their common axis determines the order in which these gears reverse their associated gears I1I, I1Ia, I1Ib,'and IIIc, and brings about the action of the arms already described.

It should be noted that all of the fingers in any one bank are at the same angle, and that a key in a given bank has, therefore, the same action on plate N as any other key in the same bank. It will also be noted that in whatever position the plate I9 may be, the depression of a key will move it, if the plate needs moving, to the appropriate position for a. multiplier corresponding to the bank of keys depressed.

Now the drums 21a, 1) and c, and MM and b are i turned in a manner almost identical with that which moves the fingers, and which has just been described. As hasbeen stated, when a key is depressed as a multiplier it passes below the sockets I6, and the key projection 632 hits the finger I38 carried on the rack IN. The rack I3I extends laterally across the four rows of keys. These racks are clearly shown in Figure 11, and I have numbered them BI and (138-588 inclusive.

The rack I3I for example, is adapted to be actuated by any one of the four keys numbered 1. The rack I46 is positioned beneath all of the keys 3 numbered 9, and is adapted to be actuated by any one of these keys after the multiplication key has been depressed. Each rack'is 'slidably mounted in slots I41 formed in side members I48 (see Fig. 11)

These racks mesh with mutilated gears I84 shown on Fig. 11 and also Fig. 12. Fig. 12 shows how a train of mutilated gears I86 and I86 mounted on a shaft I83 connects all of the shafts I84 by means of gears I85 mounted on the shafts I84, so that a motion imparted to any rack I3I and. I39 to I46 inclusive imparts movement to all. This train of gears and their actions is identical with that already described, for the gears HI and I14 to I11 inclusive, except that there are nine positions instead of four as in the place shifting mechanism, and the gears I84 associated with racks I3I and I39 to I46 inclusive move through an arc of one hundred and eighty degrees before reversing, instead of through an arc of ninety degrees.

\ This reversing movement through one hundred and eighty degrees is imparted to drums 21, 21a, 21b, 210, I49, I49a, and H917 by gears I81 (see Fig. 12) which turn a rod I88. Through bevel gears I89, shafts 228 are connected to the shaft I88. The shafts 228 are square, and are slidably received in hollow shafts 229 upon which the drums are mounted. The square shafts 228 permit the movement of carrier 25.

As has been previously said there are nine different sets of contact connections through the drums to racks 38 and I58, according to whether the multiplier is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9. The action of the keys 3 in pressing down the racks I3I and I39-I41 inclusive turns the drums. When the racks are in the position shown in Fig. 11, the drums are set for multiplication ,by one, which is also simple addition. When in this position the depression of a key 3 numbered 1 for multiplying would have no effect since rack I3I is already completely depressed. The depression of a key 3 numbered 2, however, would hit rack I89 and completely depress it. This would move the drums through one-ninth of a semi-circumference to the set of contacts for multiplication by two, see Fig. 18. As rack I39 goes down, rack I3I goes up the same distance, so that a subsequent depression of any key numbered 1 would bring it back to its original position. Had any key 3 numbered 9 been depressed, the key would have hit rack I46, which would move down into completely depressed position, and would move the drums through eight-ninths of a semi-circumference to the set of contacts for multiplication by nine. It will be noted that while there are nine different positions on the lower half of the drums, it is only necessary to move them through eight-ninths of a semi-circumference to-cover the nine positions on the upper half.

It will be noted that only one set of fingers, either I28, I68, I69, or I18, can be down at any one time, and that only one rack, either I3I or one of rack I39 to I46 inclusive, can be down at any one time. This means that only one key can be depressed as a multiplier at any one time. In other words, the mechanism permits only one digit of a multiplier to be depressed at one time.

Since only one digit of the multiplier can be depressed at any one time, it is desirable that this depression automatically actuate the carrier 25 without the use of the motor bar 1, so that after depressing a digit of the multiplier the multiplying action will be automatically completed. A. three digit multiplier requires depressing three different keys once. Thisis accomplished in the following manner.

On the wiring diagram Fig. 15, it will be seen that all of the keys 3 are connected directly with one terminal of the source of current 60 by wires 36 and 230. The motor bar I when depressed closes the eircuitfrom this same terminal to coils A and B, which move the carrier forward and back, establishing during the movement of the carrier the appropriate connections to the C and D coils, as already described. It is evident, therefore, that in lieu of closing the circuit to the A and B coils through the motor bar, it could be closed through the keys 3 themselves which are connected to the same terminal of the source current I.

Four conductor rods III are provided for this Purpose, and they rest upon the keyboard I 4 (see Fig. l) and are disposed immediately beneath'the keys 3, but not in contact with the key shafts. The rods are connected to A and B coils by wires 232, as shown in the wiring diagram Fig. 15. The rods 2 arecarried slightly above the plate It, and are flat with a thin rounded edge, (see Fig. 6). On the shafts of the keys 3 are spring clips 233 positioned so as to slide over the rounded edge of the conductor rods 2" when the keys reach the limit of their downward movement in multiplication, i. e., when the drums and place shifting plate are in position. The spring clips press downwardly against the rodsmaking a firm connection with the source of current during the action of the carrier.

I am no ready to illustrate by an example how the machine operates for multiplication. Let us take the problem of multiplying 45x36.

4 6 Placed in machine at start.

X Multiplication key depressed 3 Key 3 num 3 in tens row, e Forward stroke 2 5 04-- In drum 27 because of placing over In drum 274 In drum 27b 7 Backward stroke 1 l 0 In drum liilbecause oi'placingover In drum 140a In drum 1400 First product 1 3 5 0 V Key 3 numbered 6 in units row, 6 depressed Forward stroke 4 0(-- In drum 27 a T In drum 27a Backward stroke 2 3(- 1 drum 149 4 In drum 140a Finalproduct -l 6 20 back into the position shown in Figure 6 and returns the drums to number 1 position.' L In Figure 6 I show an arm I as extending from the key I, this arm having a projectionand shoulder similar to the projection and shoulderlfl and I33 carried by the bottom of each key 3. This arm slides along the shank ofnumber 1 key in the units row, and when the key 3 is depressed .the arm engages with the finger I2. and the finger ill for returning the member I! and the drums back into normal position. The machine is now ready to be used as a multiplying, subtracting or adding device.

As previously stated, a key once used to represent a. digit of the multiplicand may be subsequently used to represent a digit of the multiplier without returning the key to its original position. This is best explained by illustration of the multiplication of 36x36. As has just been stated, the normal position of the keyboard is with the addition key 6 down. The machine is then ready for either addition or multiplication. The first step is therefore to depress the-key 36 in the keyboard. The keys slide down the incline surface 36 of the member it until the limit of their downward motion is reached. They have then entered the appropriate sockets ii. The members 85 rest on the, plate I5. When the multiplication key 5 is depressed this lowers the plate It and the members 35 and-permits further downward motion of these keys. This is because the-sockets it are open and permit the keys to pass through them while still maintaining contact with them. The depression of the multiplication key 5 moves aside the socket bearing plate ll but it can not however move aside the sockets It in which the key shanks have already entered. As to these sockets, the movement of the plate I! merely compresses the springs I 21. The multiplicand 36 has thus been set up and the same keys are ready to act as multipliers if and when they are further depressed. If the 3 key in the tens row is now depressed, it acts on the mechanism below the key sockets so as to turn the drums to the position for multiplication by three and to shift the placing over plate for multiplication by 10. As previously explained, the downward movementof any key in the tens row will hit a finger I68 (see Fig. 6) which will turn shaft |3lthe gearing being such that plate I! will be moved one space to the left (see Fig. 6)

'and also through the train of gears previously described the finger I28 will be raised the equivalent of one space, thus permitting the plate It to be returned to its original position when the finger I II is depressed through the action of a multiplier key operated in the units place. Subsequent depression of 6 in the units place will move the drums to the position for multiplication by 6 and the plate i9 back tothe units position. It is obvious therefore that the fact that a key may already have been used to set up a multiplying contact does does not in any way disable it from being subsequently used to operate the multiplying drums and the placing over mechanism because the multiplicand is set up during the first stage of the downward stroke and the balance of the work is done during the second stage. The plate I acts as a diiIerentiai latch to determine the exac amount of movement for each stage. The key is first depressed as far as plate It in its upper position will allow and then as far as plate I! in its lower position will allow. a The machine can also be used as a divider in the same manner as-standard machines are now used. In the-claims I have therefore referred to the entire machine as an electric calculator.

I claim:

1. An electric calculating machine comprising a plurality of numbered wheels, movable members for-rotating said wheels, electrically controlled means for disconnecting said wheels from said members, aplurality of contacts successively closed by said moving members, a plurality of keys wired to the contacts, and contact selecting 

